Author: Rahul

All the Linux systems keeps the users information in /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files. User password and account aging details are stored in the shadow file. The aging information contains the details of the password change and account status. In this tutorial, you will learn about forcing a user to change their password in Linux. Also will discuss the content stored in the shadow file. Force User to Change Password We use passwd command to create or change user passwords in Linux systems. It also allows us to expire any user’s password. Once the password is expired, the system will allow…

JavaScript Object Notation, or JSON, stands as a highly efficient format for data interchange. Primarily designed for data storage and transmission, it originates from JavaScript but has evolved to be independent of programming language. Its creation aimed at introducing a text-based format that is both human-readable and easy to use. This guide will explore handling JSON in Python, utilizing the built-in JSON package to manipulate JSON structures. 1. Parsing JSON to Python Dictionary The json.loads() function is essential for converting a JSON string into a Python dictionary, requiring the JSON data to be passed as a string. Consider the following…

The “chattr”, short for change attribute, is a command-line utility in Linux used to change attributes of a file e.g a, i. This command is primarily used to make various files immutable and undeletable for regular users. File management is a complicated process in Linux as it is a multi-user operating system. The administrators can change the attributes of a file using the “chattr” command so it cannot be accessed and changed by anyone except the superuser. This saves the important files from accidental deletion. In this write-up, we will focus on how to modify the attributes of a file…

Write a JavaScript program to calculate the sum of two integers and display the results. In this tutorial, we will show you two examples of adding two numbers. JavaScript Program to Add Two Numbers In this JavaScript program, we will calculate the sum of two numbers and print the results on the console. Here we will use the common + sign to add numbers.

Run the above example: Here we have defined two variables with static integer values. Then calculate the sum of both values and store them in a third variable. Finally, the result is displayed on the…

Instead of defining the variables directly, you can use Environmental variables in node.js. You can use the Environmental variable anytime when you want to change the value depending on the environment. There are various use cases here. If you start using the environmental variable, you won’t face issues where the client says “It doesn’t work in my system”. This guide will cover all the things you should know about defining the Environmental variables and how you can use them in node.js. It has a lot to do with the .env file a well as with server.js. So, let’s begin the…

Node.js is an event-based, open-source, and asynchronous I/O framework that uses Google’s V8 JavaScript engine. We use it to develop applications that use JavaScript both on the server and client sides. Node.js applications are written in JavaScript. Node.js applications also accept command-line arguments like any other programming language. By default, Node.js is able to handle your arguments but if you want some extra features then you can use third-party tools and packages like yargs and minimist. In this article, we will see how you can parse command line arguments in Node.js using process.argv, yargs, and minimist. What are Command Line…

Just like Gzip, Brotli is also a generic-purpose compression algorithm developed by Google. It compresses data using a combination of modern technologies and algorithms. It is similar in speed to deflate but provides higher compression. Brotli compression is supported by all the major browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge. The Brotli compression is opted by the top tech fortunes like Cloudflare etc. This is the reason, we recommend switching to brotli from the old deflate data compression algorithm. This tutorial helps you to enable brotli compression in the Apache webserver. Prerequisites Shell access to your server with sudo privileged account.…

Though Windows is the well-known operating system among the common masses, the majority of developers and tech specialists prefer Linux because of its stability, security, and flexibility of customization. Linux has not been performing well in personal Desktop Computers, but it is the preferred operating system when it comes to powering servers and supercomputers. Even Microsoft uses Linux for its cloud environments. Linux is a free, open-source, and very lightweight operating system. It is highly customizable and can easily be optimized to perform specific tasks very quickly. It is more stable, secure, and scalable than the other operating systems, making…

Python is a renowned general-purpose programming language. Unlike HTML or CSS, general-purpose programming languages are used in several application domains. In programming languages, loops are a set of instructions that execute a sequence of code continuously until a certain condition is fulfilled. Most modern programming languages do include the concept of loops. The syntax for loops in each language may differ but the logic being used remains the same. Many programming languages have several types of loops and the most renowned ones are while and for loop. Today we will only learn about while loop and where it should be…

SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. It provides a powerful graphical interface called SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS), which provides all the features to manage your databases. Also provides options to backup and restore the database using graphical interfaces. Also, we can execute the T-SQL statement through SSMS to take a backup of the database. How to Backup SQL Server Database We can backup the SQL Serer database either with the T-SQL statements or we can use the SSMS wizard process to take full, differential, or transactional backup of the database. Use one of the…