Author: Rahul

Python, one of the most widely-used programming languages, is known for its simplicity and readability. However, as is the case with many languages, it possesses unique characteristics that both novices and seasoned programmers should comprehend. One such characteristic is case sensitivity. In this guide, we’ll delve deep into understanding case sensitivity in Python and why it matters. What is Case Sensitivity? Case sensitivity in programming refers to the distinction between uppercase and lowercase characters. In case-sensitive languages like Python, Variable, VARIABLE, and variable would be treated as three distinct identifiers. If you were to mistakenly use a different casing for…

JavaScript objects are versatile data structures that provide a simple and effective way to store data as key-value pairs. The keys are always strings, while the values can be any type of data such as strings, numbers, arrays, other objects, or even functions. This article will walk you through how to use JavaScript objects as a simple key-value store, with practical examples for better understanding. What is a Key-Value Store? A key-value store is a simple database that uses an associative array as the fundamental data model. This structure consists of a collection of key-value pairs in which each key…

Python, with its expansive library of modules and packages, offers a variety of functionalities. To access these functionalities in your code, you’ll often need to incorporate them using the import statement. In this article, we delve into the from…import variant of the import statement, which provides a more direct way to access specific functions, classes, or variables from modules and packages. 1. Basic import Statement Before understanding from…import, let’s quickly recap the basic import statement: import math print(math.sqrt(25)) Here, we import the entire math module and then access its sqrt function using dot notation. 2. The from…import Statement The from…import…

Bash scripting is a powerful tool that developers can leverage to automate tasks on Unix and Linux systems. One common use-case is to source a script in another script, allowing the sharing of variables and functions between them. But at times, it’s crucial to know whether a Bash script has been sourced or executed directly. This knowledge can be instrumental in controlling the flow of the program based on its invocation method. This guide will explore how to identify whether a Bash script is being sourced or executed directly. Understanding Direct Execution and Sourcing of Bash Scripts Before we dive…

If you’ve been using Ubuntu for a while, you’re probably familiar with the term PPA, which stands for Personal Package Archive. PPAs are a great way to install and update software that isn’t available in the official Ubuntu repositories. However, sometimes you might want to remove a PPA, either because it’s no longer needed or because it’s causing issues. In this article, we’ll go through the steps to safely remove or delete a PPA in Ubuntu. What is a PPA? Before diving into the removal process, let’s quickly recap what a PPA is. A PPA is a third-party repository that…

If you are new to PostgreSQL and databases, you might wonder how to see a list of all the tables in your database. This tutorial will guide you through the steps to list all tables in PostgreSQL, using simple English and easy-to-follow instructions. Tables in a database are like different sections in a filing cabinet. Each table holds specific types of information. Sometimes, you need to see all the tables to understand what data you have or to find the information you need. Methods to Show Tables in PostgreSQL Database Use one of the following methods (CLI or pgAdmin) to…

Apache HTTP Server, simply called Apache, is a free, open-source web server software. It is widely used around the world and is known for its flexibility and broad support on various operating systems. Apache helps run lots of websites by providing a powerful set of commands for managing server operations. Once you change the Apache configuration, set up virtual hosts, or turn modules on or off, you need to apply these changes. You can do this by reloading, restarting, or doing a graceful restart of the service. It is important to choose the correct command mainly on production environments. This…

If you’ve ever worked in a Unix or Linux-based environment, you might have encountered the error message “sudo: vim: command not found”. This message is both straightforward and confusing. It clearly tells you that something’s missing, but without prior knowledge, you might wonder, “What’s missing?” Let’s dive into the problem, understand its cause, and determine a solution. The Problem The error message “sudo: vim: command not found” typically occurs when you try to use the Vim editor with superuser privileges by typing: sudo vim filename However, your system doesn’t recognize the vim command. This can mean one of several things:…

Ubuntu 22.04, being a popular Linux distribution, offers a myriad of software packages directly from its repositories. However, certain proprietary software like Google Chrome is not available by default. Fear not, for there are easy methods to get this popular web browser installed. This article will guide you through the installation of Google Chrome on Ubuntu 22.04 using two methods: Debian package and Personal Package Archive (PPA). Method 1: Download and Install Google Chrome Debian Package Step 1: Download Google Chrome Visit the official Google Chrome download page. Click the “Download Chrome” button. Choose the “64 bit .deb (For Debian/Ubuntu)”…

In Python, special or “dunder” (double underscore) variables play a pivotal role in the internal workings of the language. These variables have special meanings and are used in various contexts. One such special variable is __path__. What is __path__? __path__ is a variable that is primarily defined for packages in Python. When a module is imported, Python sets a handful of these dunder variables; however, only packages get the __path__ attribute. A package in Python is a way of organizing related modules into a single directory hierarchy. For example, if you have several modules that pertain to graphics operations, they…