Author: Rahul

Linux, the backbone of many computer systems around the world, is known for its versatility and robustness. An integral part of mastering Linux involves becoming familiar with its package management systems. In this guide, we’ll delve into DNF (Dandified YUM), a next-generation, powerful, and user-friendly software package manager for RPM-based Linux distributions. We’ll discuss how to use it effectively with practical examples and insights. Understanding the DNF Command DNF, introduced with Fedora 18, is the default package manager for Fedora, RHEL, and CentOS distributions. It replaced the older YUM (Yellowdog Updater, Modified) due to its superior dependency resolution and simpler…

In Bash scripting, a host of operators is available to manipulate, compare, and test data. One of the operators is the =~. Though not very frequently used, it is an extremely powerful operator that enables us to match string patterns using regular expressions. This article goes into the practical application of the =~ operator in Bash. Understanding the =~ Operator The =~ operator is unique to Bash, and used in conditional expressions. This operator will be used normally to compare a string with a given pattern in regular expressions. Whether the string matches with the pattern, it displays 0 for…

MySQL is one of the most popular open-source relational database management systems, relied upon by countless developers and companies worldwide. At its core, it operates on a simple concept – storing data in tables. As the volume of data increases, it becomes essential to optimize these tables for efficient storage and faster retrieval. This article will provide a comprehensive guide to optimizing MySQL tables, with practical examples for better understanding. Understanding Table Optimization Table optimization, in the context of MySQL, refers to the process of managing data storage effectively and enhancing the speed of data retrieval operations. By optimizing tables,…

Bash, the Bourne Again SHell, is one of the most widely used shell scripting languages due to its compatibility with Unix and Linux systems. It offers a host of built-in functions and variables that make scripting more efficient and less error-prone. One such variable is `$?`, an integral part of error handling in Bash scripting. This special variable holds the exit status of the last command that was executed, which is crucial for controlling the flow of scripts based on command success or failure. 1. Understanding Exit Statuses Before we delve into the specifics of `$?`, it’s essential to understand…

Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) is a protocol that provides a secure and reliable mechanism for accessing, transferring, and managing files on remote systems over an SSH connection. In this article, we’ll walk you through the process of setting up an SFTP server on a CentOS/RHEL system. Prerequisites Before getting started, ensure that you have: A CentOS/RHEL system installed. Root or sudo user access to the system. An internet connection for downloading necessary packages. Step 1: Update your System First, make sure your system is up-to-date by executing the following command: sudo yum update -y Step 2: Install SSH Server…

The complexities of managing a server can be daunting, especially if you are new to the field. Thankfully, there are numerous server management tools available today, and Cockpit is one such tool that has quickly become popular among administrators. Cockpit is a powerful, open-source, server management tool that offers a user-friendly web-based interface. This allows you to administer your GNU/Linux servers with ease. With Cockpit, you can start containers, administer storage, configure networks, and inspect logs among many other tasks. One of the best things about Cockpit is its ability to manage multiple servers from a single interface. This article…

The swap partition or swap file in a Linux operating system acts as a temporary storage area on the hard drive, which the system uses when the physical memory (RAM) is full. It is used to swap out less used ‘pages’ of memory, so that the system does not run out of physical memory for running applications. However, with the evolution of hardware technology and the affordability of RAM, most modern systems come with a substantial amount of memory. Therefore, some users might decide to disable the swap partition, particularly in situations where they have sufficient RAM, or they are…

In computer programming, the terms “function” and “method” are often used interchangeably. However, in Java, a specific distinction exists between the two. Let’s dive deep to understand the differences and similarities between them, especially in the context of Java. Definitions: Function: At a general level, a function is a self-contained block of code that encapsulates a specific task or related group of tasks. It can potentially take some inputs, perform its task, and then deliver an output. Method: In object-oriented programming, a method is a type of function that is associated specifically with a class or an object. It is…

Setting up a local development environment that includes PHP, Apache, and MySQL can be a complex task. However, with the power of Docker and Docker Compose, this process becomes significantly easier and more efficient. In this article, we’ll walk you through the step-by-step process of deploying PHP, Apache, and MySQL using Docker Compose. We’ll cover the necessary configuration, provide examples, and showcase sample outputs along the way. Prerequisites Before getting started, make sure you have Docker and Docker Compose installed on your system. You can download and install Docker from the official Docker website (https://www.docker.com/) and Docker Compose from the…

Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) is a popular and user-friendly command-line interface designed to facilitate firewall management on Ubuntu and other Linux systems. While UFW is typically used to manage inbound and outbound traffic at the port level, it also supports more complex tasks like setting up port forwarding, also known as port mapping. Port forwarding is a networking technique where an incoming network request to a specific port is redirected to a different port, often on a different machine. In this article, we will guide you on how to set up a port forward using UFW. Basic Concepts Before diving into…