How to Install Tomcat 9 on Debian 11/10/9

Apache Tomcat 9 is the latest version available for installation. Apache Tomcat is a product of the Apache Software Foundation. It is an open-source implementation of the Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages (JSP) technologies. Tomcat is a web server used for hosting the Java-based web application.

The current Apache Tomcat 9.0.50 release is available. This tutorial will guide you through step by step installation of the Apache Tomcat server on Debian. Let’s follow to Install Apache Tomcat 9 on Debian 10/9/8.

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Step 1 – Prerequisites

You must have root user or sudo privileged user access to install Tomcat on the Debian system. Login to your Debian system with shell access. Use SSH to get access to the remote Linux system.

ssh root@debian 

Now update the apt package manager cache and upgrade the current packages of the system.

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Step 2 – Install Java

You must have Java installed on the system before installing Apache Tomcat on a Linux VPS. Tomcat 9 required Java 8 or later versions to work.

java -version

java version "1.8.0_161"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_161-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.161-b12, mixed mode)

If you don’t have Java installed on your system or installed a lower version, Use this tutorial to install Java 8 on a Debian machine.

Step 3 – Install Apache Tomcat 9 on Debian

You need to download the Tomcat archive from its official download website or mirrors. Download Apache Tomcat 9 archive file using following commands or you can visit Tomcat 9 official download page for download most recent available version.

wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.58/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.58.tar.gz
tar xzf pache-tomcat-9.0.58.tar.gz
mv apache-tomcat-9.0.58 /usr/local/tomcat9

Step 4 – Configure Tomcat on Debian

Configure the required environment variables for the Tomcat. Set CATALINA_HOME to the extracted tomcat directory. Also, set Java environment variables as per Java installed on your system. Set all these variables in a file /etc/profile.d/tomcat9.sh.

echo 'export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat9"' > /etc/profile.d/tomcat9.sh
echo 'export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle"' >> /etc/profile.d/tomcat9.sh
echo 'export JRE_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre"' >> /etc/profile.d/tomcat9.sh

This file will automatically load variables after system reboot. To load in current environment run command:

source /etc/profile.d/tomcat9.sh

Step 5 – Setup Tomcat User Accounts

Y need to create user accounts to secure and access admin/manager pages. Edit conf/tomcat-users.xml file in your editor and paste inside <tomcat-users> </tomcat-users> tags.

<!-- user manager can access only manager section -->
<role rolename="manager-gui" />
<user username="manager" password="_SECRET_PASSWORD_" roles="manager-gui" />

<!-- user admin can access manager and admin section both -->
<role rolename="admin-gui" />
<user username="admin" password="_SECRET_PASSWORD_" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui" />

Step 6 – Enable Host/Manager for Remote IP

The default manager and host-manager web pages are enabled to access from localhost only. To access these pages from the remote system, you have to allow your IP or IP range in the application-specific context.xml file.

Manager File: ./webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
Host Manager File: ./webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml

Edit the above files and add your IP address like the screenshot. After making changes restart the Tomcat service.

Step 7 – Start Tomcat Service

Tomcat is very easy to use, There is no need to compile its source. You simply extract the archive and start the tomcat server. Tomcat by default start on port 8080, So make sure no other application using the same port.

chmod +x ./bin/startup.sh
./bin/startup.sh

[Sample Output]

Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat9
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat9
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat9/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat9/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

Use below command to stop tomcat server on your system.

./bin/shutdown.sh

Step 8 – Access Tomcat in Browser

Tomcat service uses default port 8080. Open your favorite web browser and connect to your server on port 8080. This will provide access to the Tomcat setup on your system.

Access Tomcat Home- This is default home screen of tomcat 9. There are no authentication required to access this page..

http://localhost.com:8080 

Access Manager App- Click on Manager App link displayed on home page.This page is allowed for Admin and Manager access both.

http://example.com:8080/manager/html 

Access Host Manager Page:- Click on the Host Manager link on your Tomcat home.This page is allowed for Admin access only.

http://example.com:8080/host-manager/html