How to Install Nginx, MySQL & PHP (LEMP) on Ubuntu 20.04

A combination of Linux, Nginx, MySQL, and PHP is known as LEMP stack is the popular web hosting environment for the PHP based application. Here Linux is an operating system, Nginx is the popular web server, MySQL is relational database management system used for storing data and PHP is the widely used programming language.

This article will help you to install Nginx, MySQL 8.0 and PHP 7.4 on Ubuntu Linux system. Let’s begin with the installation of LEMP stack your Ubuntu machine.

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Prerequisites

Before beginning the LEMP installation on Ubuntu:

• A running Ubuntu 20.04 system
• Login as sudo proviledged account on your system. To create it follow initial server setup tutorial.
• A domain/subdomain name pointed to your server

Installing Nginx Web Server

Next, you need to install Nginx web server on your system. The Nginx packages are are available under the default apt repositories.

Run the following commands to install it:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx

Installing PHP with PHP-FPM

PHP 7.4 packages are available under the default repositories on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. Use the following command to update apt cache and install PHP on your system.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y php7.4 php7.4-fpm

Also install additional PHP modules required for your application.

sudo apt install php7.4-curl php7.4-gd php7.4-json php7.4-mbstring php7.4-xml

You have installed PHP 7.4 with PHP FPM package on your system. Let’s check the status of the PHP FPM service by running below command:

sudo systemctl status php7.4-fpm

● php7.4-fpm.service - The PHP 7.4 FastCGI Process Manager
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/php7.4-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-06-16 05:15:57 UTC; 34s ago
       Docs: man:php-fpm7.4(8)
    Process: 882716 ExecStartPost=/usr/lib/php/php-fpm-socket-helper install /run/php/php-fpm.sock /etc/php/7.4/fpm/pool.d/www.conf 74>
   Main PID: 882699 (php-fpm7.4)
     Status: "Processes active: 0, idle: 2, Requests: 0, slow: 0, Traffic: 0req/sec"
      Tasks: 3 (limit: 2283)
     Memory: 10.3M
     CGroup: /system.slice/php7.4-fpm.service
             ├─882699 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php/7.4/fpm/php-fpm.conf)
             ├─882714 php-fpm: pool www
             └─882715 php-fpm: pool www

Jun 16 05:15:57 tecadmin systemd[1]: Starting The PHP 7.4 FastCGI Process Manager...
Jun 16 05:15:57 tecadmin systemd[1]: Started The PHP 7.4 FastCGI Process Manager.

Installing MySQL

The default Ubuntu 20.04 apt repositories contains MySQL server 8.0. Finally, install mysql-server packages for the MySQL database. Also, install the php-mysql package to use MySQL support using PHP. Use the following command to install it.

sudo apt install mysql-server php7.4-mysql

The installer will prompt for the root password, This password will work for your MySQL root user. After installing MySQL execute the following command for initial settings of MySQL server. You will see that script will prompt for more settings than earlier MySQL versions like password validation policy etc.

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Connecting to MySQL using a blank password.

VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component? 

Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: y

There are three levels of password validation policy:

LOW    Length >= 8
MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary  file

Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 2
Please set the password for root here.

New password:

Re-enter new password:

Estimated strength of the password: 100
Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.


Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.


Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
 - Dropping test database...
Success.

 - Removing privileges on test database...
Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.

All done!

Configure Nginx with PHP-FPM

Let’s create a Nginx virtual host to run with FPM/FastCGI. For this tutorial, we use default VirtualHost. Edit VirtualHost host configuration file in text editor. You can create new VirtualHost as per your requirements, so make sure to enable any new VirtualHost.

sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com

Use the below basic Nginx Virtual host configuration with php fpm settings. Update the configuration as followings.

Save your changes to the configuration file and create a link to site enabled directory.

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/example.com 

Then restart Nginx service to reload the changes.

sudo systemctl restart nginx

Step 5 – Manage Services

We have done with the installation of LAMP stack on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS system. The below commands will help you to start/stop or restart Nginx and MySQL services running with systemd.

To restart Nginx and MySQL services, type:

sudo systemctl restart nginx
sudo systemctl restart mysql

To start Nginx and MySQL services, type:

sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl start mysql

To stop Nginx and MySQL services, type:

sudo systemctl stop nginx
sudo systemctl stop mysql

Step 6 – Adjust Firewall Rules

You can directly provide a service name like “http” or “https” to allow. The firewalld uses /etc/services file to determine the corresponding port of the service.

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https

sudo firewall-cmd --reload

Step 7 – Verify the Setup

After completing all setup. Let’s create a info.php file website document root with following content.

sudo echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > /var/www/html/info.php

Now access this file in web browser. You will see the screen like below with all details of PHP on server.

Congratulation’s! You have successfully configured LEMP server on your Ubuntu 20.04 LTS system.