How to Set Up Laravel with Dockerfile and Docker-Compose

Developing Laravel applications requires a stable and consistent development environment. Docker, a popular containerization platform, offers an efficient way to create such an environment. In this comprehensive tutorial, we’ll explore how to establish a robust Laravel development environment using Docker—a leading containerization technology. The guide includes steps for integrating MySQL and configuring Nginx, ensuring a seamless development process.

Prerequisites

• Basic knowledge of Laravel, Docker, and MySQL.
• Docker and Docker Compose installed on your machine.

Step 1: Setting Up the Laravel Project

First, create a new Laravel project or navigate to your existing project directory. If you’re creating a new project, use Composer:

composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel my-laravel-app 
cd my-laravel-app 

Step 2: Creating the Dockerfile

Develop a Dockerfile at the root of your Laravel project. This file employs PHP 8.2 image and installs necessary PHP extensions along with Composer. It outlines your Laravel application’s environment.

FROM php:8.2-fpm

# Install dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    libpng-dev \
    libonig-dev \
    libxml2-dev \
    zip \
    unzip

# Clear cache
RUN apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Install PHP extensions
RUN docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql mbstring exif pcntl bcmath gd

# Get latest Composer
COPY --from=composer:latest /usr/bin/composer /usr/bin/composer

# Expose port 9000 and start php-fpm server
EXPOSE 9000
CMD ["php-fpm"]

Step 3: Setting Up Docker Compose

Create a ‘docker-compose.yml’ file in your project’s root. This file orchestrates your Docker containers, defining services for Laravel (app), MySQL (db), and Nginx (web). It establishes a network for these services and a volume for MySQL.

version: '3'
services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    image: my-laravel-app
    container_name: my-laravel-app
    restart: unless-stopped
    tty: true
    environment:
      SERVICE_NAME: my-laravel-app
      SERVICE_TAGS: dev
    working_dir: /var/www/html
    volumes:
      - ./:/var/www/html
    networks:
      - app-network

  db:
    image: mysql:8
    container_name: my-laravel-mysql
    restart: unless-stopped
    tty: true
    ports:
      - "13306:3306"
    environment:
      MYSQL_DATABASE: laravel
      MYSQL_USER: user
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: password
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: password
      SERVICE_TAGS: dev
    volumes:
      - dbdata:/var/lib/mysql
    networks:
      - app-network

  # Nginx Service
  web:
    image: 'nginx:alpine'
    ports:
      - "8000:80"
    volumes:
      - ./:/var/www/html
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
    depends_on:
      - app
    networks:
      - app-network

networks:
  app-network:
    driver: bridge

volumes:
  dbdata:
    driver: local

This file defines two services: app for your Laravel application and db for MySQL. It also sets up a network and a volume for MySQL data persistence.

Step 4: Implementing Nginx Configuration

Place an nginx.conf file in your project’s root to configure the Nginx server, essential for serving your application.

server {
    listen 80;
    index index.php index.html;
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    root /var/www/html/public;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        try_files $uri =404;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_pass app:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
    }

    location ~ /\.ht {
        deny all;
    }
}

Step 5: Running Your Containers

With your Dockerfile and docker-compose.yml set up, you can start your containers.

docker-compose up -d 

Step 5: Configuring Laravel Database

Modify the .env file in your Laravel project to use the MySQL service:

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=db
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=laravel
DB_USERNAME=user
DB_PASSWORD=password

Step 6: Migrating Databases

Run Laravel migrations to set up your database:

docker-compose exec app php artisan migrate 

Step 6: Access Application

Once the containers are up and running. You can access Laravel application on http://localhost:8000.

Conclusion

You’ve successfully established a Docker-based Laravel development environment with MySQL integration and Nginx configuration. This setup enhances consistency across development scenarios and facilitates team collaboration. To further refine your environment, delve into additional Docker features and Laravel’s advanced capabilities.