macOS descends from NeXTSTEP, the operating system Apple acquired when it bought Steve Jobs’ NeXT in 1997. Mac OS X 10.0 arrived in 2001 with the Darwin Unix core, the Aqua interface and Cocoa APIs. Releases were named after big cats until 2013, and after places in California since OS X Mavericks.
Apple moved the Mac from PowerPC to Intel in 2006 and from Intel to its own Apple silicon chips starting in 2020. Version numbers went from 10.x to 11 with Big Sur, then jumped to 26 with Tahoe in 2025 to match the year. Apple doesn’t publish end-of-life dates. In practice the current version and the two before it receive security updates.
