Web Browsers

    Install Tor Browser in CentOS/RHEL 6 and Fedora 19/20

    RahulBy 9 Comments1 Min Read

    Tor is free software web proxy enabled browser. Tor browser helps us to defend against traffic analysis, a form of network surveillance that threatens personal freedom and privacy, confidential business activities and relationships, and state security

    tor-browser

    This article will help you to install Tor browser in your CentOS/RHEL and Fedora systems.

    Step 1: Add Tor Repository

    Firstly we need to add tor yum repository in our system. To create tor repository create file /etc/yum.repos.d/tor.repo and add following content on basis of your system.

    For CentOS/RHEL 6

    [Tor]
name=Tor Project Repo
baseurl=http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/rpm/el/6/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/rpm/RPM-GPG-KEY-torproject.org.asc

    For Fedora 19

    [Tor]
name=Tor Project Repo
baseurl=http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/rpm/fc/19/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/rpm/RPM-GPG-KEY-torproject.org.asc

    For Fedora 20

    [Tor]
name=Tor Project Repo
baseurl=http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/rpm/fc/20/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/rpm/RPM-GPG-KEY-torproject.org.asc

    Step 2: Install Tor Browser

    To install tor browser run the following command from command line.

    # yum install tor

    Step 3: Start Tor Browser

    To start tor browser in your system, use following command from non root account. Before starting tor make sure you system time is correct.

    $ tor
    Share.

    I, Rahul Kumar am the founder and chief editor of TecAdmin.net. I am a Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE) and working as an IT professional since 2009..

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    9 Comments

    1. Nguyen Nam on

      @STEPHEN WESTMAN, @PURAB
      [tor]
      name=Tor repo
      enabled=0
      baseurl=https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/rpm/DISTRIBUTION/$basearch/
      gpgcheck=1
      gpgkey=https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/rpm/RPM-GPG-KEY-torproject.org.asc

      Please change enabled from 1 to 0 as my above text. It will work

      Reply
    2. john on

      When i am start tor , it gives an error like below,

      [[email protected] ~]$ tor
      Jul 25 19:28:53.021 [notice] Tor 0.3.5.8 running on Linux with Libevent 2.1.8-stable, OpenSSL 1.1.1c, Zlib 1.2.11, Liblzma 5.2.4, and Libzstd 1.4.0.
      Jul 25 19:28:53.021 [notice] Tor can’t help you if you use it wrong! Learn how to be safe at https://www.torproject.org/download/download#warning
      Jul 25 19:28:53.022 [warn] Tor was compiled with zstd 1.3.8, but is running with zstd 1.4.0. For safety, we’ll avoid using advanced zstd functionality.
      Jul 25 19:28:53.029 [notice] Read configuration file “/etc/tor/torrc”.
      Jul 25 19:28:53.052 [notice] Opening Socks listener on 127.0.0.1:9050
      Jul 25 19:28:53.052 [notice] Opened Socks listener on 127.0.0.1:9050
      Jul 25 19:28:53.052 [warn] Directory /run/tor cannot be read: Permission denied
      Jul 25 19:28:53.052 [warn] Before Tor can create a control socket in “/run/tor/control”, the directory “/run/tor” needs to exist, and to be accessible only by the user and group account that is running Tor. (On some Unix systems, anybody who can list a socket can connect to it, so Tor is being careful.)
      Jul 25 19:28:53.052 [notice] Closing partially-constructed Socks listener on 127.0.0.1:9050
      Jul 25 19:28:53.052 [warn] Failed to parse/validate config: Failed to bind one of the listener ports.
      Jul 25 19:28:53.052 [err] Reading config failed–see warnings above.
      [[email protected] ~]$

      Reply
    5. Stephen Westman on

      I installed the repository script included at
      https://tecadmin.net/install-tor-browser-in-centos-rhel-and-fedora/

      When I ran it, I got the following error message from yum:

      “http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/rpm/el/6/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 – “The requested URL returned error: 404 Not Found”
      Trying other mirror.
      Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata (repomd.xml) for repository: Tor. Please verify its path and try again”

      I went to http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org and found no “xml” subdirectory there. I wasn’t sure what the subdirectory should be out of the many subfolders there on the site.

      Is it possible to get the correct URL for the repo to put into the file?

      Thanks

      Reply
    6. Sina on

      Hello, please guide me that what I have to do exactly in step one?
      And please create a tutorial for how to install Tor Service (Not Tor browser) in Fedora. thanks.

      NOTE: My English is not good. sorry.

      Reply
    8. Paul McPhoy on

      Thanks fot this tutorial Rahul. I followed all 3 steps with success but I dont see the tor browser opening, it just shows success in the terminal where I ran tor. I’m uing a 64 bit machine . i don’t if that’s the reason . here

      Reply
      • Paul McPhoy on

        here is the output when i type tor at the terminal:
        [[email protected] ~]$ if eth0
        > ^C
        [[email protected] ~]$ ifconfig
        lo Link encap:Local Loopback
        inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
        inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
        UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
        RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
        TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
        collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
        RX bytes:480 (480.0 b) TX bytes:480 (480.0 b)

        [[email protected] ~]$ ifup eth0
        Users cannot control this device.
        [[email protected] ~]$ sudo ifup eth0
        [sudo] password for mac5:
        mac5 is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.
        [[email protected] ~]$ sudo -i
        [sudo] password for mac5:
        mac5 is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.
        You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/mac5
        [[email protected] ~]$ su
        Password:
        [[email protected] mac5]# ifup eth0

        Determining IP information for eth0… done.
        [[email protected] mac5]# ifconfig
        eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr D0:27:88:06:6A:E4
        inet addr:192.168.0.107 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
        inet6 addr: fe80::d227:88ff:fe06:6ae4/64 Scope:Link
        UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
        RX packets:31 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
        TX packets:48 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
        collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
        RX bytes:3830 (3.7 KiB) TX bytes:6673 (6.5 KiB)

        lo Link encap:Local Loopback
        inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
        inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
        UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
        RX packets:20 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
        TX packets:20 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
        collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
        RX bytes:1800 (1.7 KiB) TX bytes:1800 (1.7 KiB)

        [[email protected] mac5]# rpm -q vnc-server
        package vnc-server is not installed
        [[email protected] mac5]# yum install vnc-server
        Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
        Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
        epel/metalink | 26 kB 00:00
        * base: centos.hyve.com
        * epel: epel.check-update.co.uk
        * extras: centos.hyve.com
        * updates: centos.hyve.com
        Tor | 2.9 kB 00:00
        adobe-linux-x86_64 | 951 B 00:00
        base | 3.7 kB 00:00
        extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
        updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
        Setting up Install Process
        Resolving Dependencies
        –> Running transaction check
        —> Package tigervnc-server-module.x86_64 0:1.1.0-8.el6_5 will be installed
        –> Finished Dependency Resolution

        Dependencies Resolved

        ================================================================================
        Package Arch Version Repository Size
        ================================================================================
        Installing:
        tigervnc-server-module x86_64 1.1.0-8.el6_5 updates 291 k

        Transaction Summary
        ================================================================================
        Install 1 Package(s)

        Total download size: 291 k
        Installed size: 827 k
        Is this ok [y/N]: y
        Downloading Packages:
        tigervnc-server-module-1.1.0-8.el6_5.x86_64.rpm | 291 kB 00:00
        Running rpm_check_debug
        Running Transaction Test
        Transaction Test Succeeded
        Running Transaction
        Installing : tigervnc-server-module-1.1.0-8.el6_5.x86_64 1/1
        Verifying : tigervnc-server-module-1.1.0-8.el6_5.x86_64 1/1

        Installed:
        tigervnc-server-module.x86_64 0:1.1.0-8.el6_5

        Complete!
        [[email protected] mac5]# rpm -q vnc
        package vnc is not installed
        [[email protected] mac5]# yum install vnc
        Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
        Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
        * base: centos.hyve.com
        * epel: epel.check-update.co.uk
        * extras: centos.hyve.com
        * updates: centos.hyve.com
        Setting up Install Process
        Resolving Dependencies
        –> Running transaction check
        —> Package tigervnc.x86_64 0:1.1.0-8.el6_5 will be installed
        –> Finished Dependency Resolution

        Dependencies Resolved

        ================================================================================
        Package Arch Version Repository Size
        ================================================================================
        Installing:
        tigervnc x86_64 1.1.0-8.el6_5 updates 258 k

        Transaction Summary
        ================================================================================
        Install 1 Package(s)

        Total download size: 258 k
        Installed size: 644 k
        Is this ok [y/N]: y
        Downloading Packages:
        tigervnc-1.1.0-8.el6_5.x86_64.rpm | 258 kB 00:00
        Running rpm_check_debug
        Running Transaction Test
        Transaction Test Succeeded
        Running Transaction
        Installing : tigervnc-1.1.0-8.el6_5.x86_64 1/1
        Verifying : tigervnc-1.1.0-8.el6_5.x86_64 1/1

        Installed:
        tigervnc.x86_64 0:1.1.0-8.el6_5

        Complete!
        [[email protected] mac5]# yum groupinstall Desktop
        Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
        Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
        * base: centos.hyve.com
        * epel: mirror.vorboss.net
        * extras: centos.hyve.com
        * updates: centos.hyve.com
        Setting up Group Process
        Checking for new repos for mirrors
        epel/group_gz | 237 kB 00:00
        Package nautilus-2.28.4-19.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package 1:control-center-2.28.1-39.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package gvfs-smb-1.4.3-16.el6_5.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package xdg-user-dirs-gtk-0.8-7.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package gnome-power-manager-2.28.3-7.el6_4.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package alsa-plugins-pulseaudio-1.0.21-3.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package at-spi-1.28.1-2.el6.centos.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package 1:gdm-2.30.4-52.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package notification-daemon-0.5.0-1.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package 1:NetworkManager-0.8.1-66.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package 1:NetworkManager-gnome-0.8.1-66.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package polkit-gnome-0.96-3.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package gnome-session-2.28.0-18.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package gnome-terminal-2.31.3-8.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package gnome-panel-2.30.2-15.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package gvfs-fuse-1.4.3-16.el6_5.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package metacity-2.28.0-23.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package gnome-screensaver-2.28.3-28.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package yelp-2.28.1-17.el6_3.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package 1:dbus-1.2.24-7.el6_3.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package gvfs-archive-1.4.3-16.el6_5.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package 1:gdm-user-switch-applet-2.30.4-52.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package 1:control-center-extra-2.28.1-39.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package eog-2.28.2-4.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package gnome-packagekit-2.28.3-7.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package gok-2.28.1-5.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package gnome-media-2.29.91-6.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package gnome-vfs2-smb-2.24.2-6.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package openssh-askpass-5.3p1-94.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package pulseaudio-module-x11-0.9.21-14.el6_3.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package pulseaudio-module-gconf-0.9.21-14.el6_3.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package 1:gnome-applets-2.28.0-7.el6.centos.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package orca-2.28.2-1.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package vino-2.28.1-9.el6_4.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Package 1:gdm-plugin-fingerprint-2.30.4-52.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
        Warning: Group basic-desktop does not have any packages.
        No packages in any requested group available to install or update
        [[email protected] mac5]# useradd Larry
        [[email protected] mac5]# useradd moe
        [[email protected] mac5]# useradd curly
        [[email protected] mac5]# passwd larry
        passwd: Unknown user name ‘larry’.
        [[email protected] mac5]# useradd larry
        [[email protected] mac5]# passwd larry
        Changing password for user larry.
        New password:
        BAD PASSWORD: it is too short
        BAD PASSWORD: is too simple
        Retype new password:
        Sorry, passwords do not match.
        New password:
        Retype new password:
        passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
        [[email protected] mac5]# passwd moe
        Changing password for user moe.
        New password:
        Retype new password:
        passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
        [[email protected] mac5]# passwd curly
        Changing password for user curly.
        New password:
        Retype new password:
        passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
        [[email protected] mac5]# nano /etc/sysconfig/vncservers,
        [[email protected] mac5]# nano /etc/sysconfig/vncservers
        [[email protected] mac5]# ls /etc/sysconfig/
        atd init network rsyslog
        auditd ip6tables networking samba
        authconfig ip6tables-config network-scripts sandbox
        autofs ip6tables.old nfs saslauthd
        cbq iptables nspluginwrapper selinux
        cgconfig iptables-config ntpd smartmontools
        cgred.conf iptables.old ntpdate sshd
        clock irqbalance openct sysstat
        console kdump prelink sysstat.ioconf
        cpuspeed kernel quota_nld system-config-firewall
        crond keyboard raid-check system-config-firewall.old
        firstboot mcelogd readahead system-config-users
        grub modules readonly-root udev
        i18n netconsole rngd wpa_supplicant
        [[email protected] mac5]# nano /etc/sysconfig/vncservers
        [[email protected] mac5]# su larry
        [[email protected] mac5]$ vnc passwd
        bash: vnc: command not found
        [[email protected] mac5]$ vncpasswd
        bash: vncpasswd: command not found
        [[email protected] mac5]$ logout
        bash: logout: not login shell: use `exit’
        [[email protected] mac5]$ exit
        exit
        [[email protected] mac5]#
        [[email protected] mac5]# su – larry
        [[email protected] ~]$ vncpasswd
        -bash: vncpasswd: command not found
        [[email protected] ~]$ tor
        Jul 15 16:39:24.732 [notice] Tor v0.2.4.22 (git-2ee56e4c2c841a45) running on Linux with Libevent 1.4.13-stable and OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips.
        Jul 15 16:39:24.734 [notice] Tor can’t help you if you use it wrong! Learn how to be safe at https://www.torproject.org/download/download#warning
        Jul 15 16:39:24.752 [notice] Read configuration file “/etc/tor/torrc”.
        Jul 15 16:39:24.756 [notice] Opening Socks listener on 127.0.0.1:9050
        Jul 15 16:39:24.000 [notice] Parsing GEOIP IPv4 file /usr/share/tor/geoip.
        Jul 15 16:39:24.000 [notice] Parsing GEOIP IPv6 file /usr/share/tor/geoip6.
        Jul 15 16:39:24.000 [notice] We were built to run on a 64-bit CPU, with OpenSSL 1.0.1 or later, but with a version of OpenSSL that apparently lacks accelerated support for the NIST P-224 and P-256 groups. Building openssl with such support (using the enable-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128 option when configuring it) would make ECDH much faster.
        Jul 15 16:39:25.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 5%: Connecting to directory server.
        Jul 15 16:39:25.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 10%: Finishing handshake with directory server.
        Jul 15 16:39:26.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 15%: Establishing an encrypted directory connection.
        Jul 15 16:39:26.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 20%: Asking for networkstatus consensus.
        Jul 15 16:39:26.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 25%: Loading networkstatus consensus.
        Jul 15 16:39:27.000 [notice] I learned some more directory information, but not enough to build a circuit: We have no usable consensus.
        Jul 15 16:39:27.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 40%: Loading authority key certs.
        Jul 15 16:39:27.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 45%: Asking for relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:27.000 [notice] I learned some more directory information, but not enough to build a circuit: We need more microdescriptors: we have 0/5925, and can only build 0% of likely paths. (We have 0% of guards bw, 0% of midpoint bw, and 0% of exit bw.)
        Jul 15 16:39:27.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 50%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:28.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 51%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:28.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 53%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:28.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 55%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:28.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 57%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:28.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 58%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:28.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 60%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:28.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 62%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:28.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 64%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:28.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 66%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:28.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 67%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:28.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 69%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:28.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 70%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:28.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 72%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:28.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 73%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:28.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 75%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:28.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 77%: Loading relay descriptors.
        Jul 15 16:39:30.000 [notice] We now have enough directory information to build circuits.
        Jul 15 16:39:30.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 80%: Connecting to the Tor network.
        Jul 15 16:39:30.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 90%: Establishing a Tor circuit.
        Jul 15 16:39:31.000 [notice] Tor has successfully opened a circuit. Looks like client functionality is working.
        Jul 15 16:39:31.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 100%: Done.

        Reply

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